For the 6th session of Proof is in the Pudding, we teamed up with Archetype to whiteboard an introduction to Data Availability (Sampling).
In this introduction we talk about rollups, Ethereum's DA system (with blobs), DA chains, verifiable sharding in general, and the foundations of data availability sampling.
zkSecurity offers auditing, research, and development services for cryptographic systems including zero-knowledge proofs, MPCs, FHE, and consensus protocols.
Learn more →Learn how Bulletproofs enables efficient zero-knowledge proofs without trusted setups by computing inner products in a verifiable way. This post breaks down the core folding technique that reduces large vectors to single elements through recursive compression, making proofs both compact and fast to verify. Used in Monero, Mina's Kimchi, and Zcash's Halo 2, Bulletproofs is a practical alternative to pairing-based schemes.
In Session 07 of "Proof is in the Pudding," we explore the other dark forest—the realm of offchain public keys. We dive into zkLogin, ZK Email, and ZKPassport, examining how these protocols handle authentication and privacy. We also discuss the issue of unlinkability in privacy protocols and why replacing traditional signature verifications with zero-knowledge proofs could unlock more interesting and powerful ZK products.
In this blog post, we explore a clever design in Zcash's halo2 implementation for securing the Fiat-Shamir transformation. By using a mutable transcript, the process ensures that values are automatically absorbed, reducing potential bugs. You'll find explanations of the distinct roles of `write` and `read` functions for points and scalars, highlighting how this abstraction makes the prover-verifier interaction seamless and secure. If you're curious about the inner workings of cryptographic protocols, this is a fascinating read.
In Session 07 of "Proof is in the Pudding," we explore the other dark forest—the realm of offchain public keys. We dive into zkLogin, ZK Email, and ZKPassport, examining how these protocols handle authentication and privacy. We also discuss the issue of unlinkability in privacy protocols and why replacing traditional signature verifications with zero-knowledge proofs could unlock more interesting and powerful ZK products.
In our third whiteboard session with Archetype, we dive into the fascinating world of cryptographic protocols by breaking down the intricacies of the Fiat-Shamir security model and the GKR protocol. Whether you're a cryptography enthusiast or just curious about how these complex mechanisms enhance security, this is a chance to explore the theories with us in a friendly and digestible way. Don't miss the opportunity to expand your understanding of this cutting-edge topic!
We audited Reclaim protocol's ChaCha20 circuits, diving deep into bit-level operations for a secure and efficient design. After a few iterations, we switched from a word-based to a bit-focused circuit approach, achieving a 10% enhancement in performance and size. We used Circom for implementation, with a focus on Groth16 system constraints. Our findings led Reclaim to revamp their strategy, honing in on bitwise logic for an effective flow without costly re-encodings. Curious about the technical journey and the final audit insights? We’ve got the details covered!
We've been teaming up with StarkWare to create the EVM adapter, and we're thrilled to say that we've recently verified Cairo proofs on the Ethereum mainnet! Building on the work of Andrew Milson and Aditya Bisht, we're making StarkWare’s technology more accessible to everyone. Our blog dives into how Cairo programs are verified on Ethereum and showcases our new library, `stark-evm-adapter`, which helps parse Cairo proofs for Ethereum. Interested in seeing how it works? Check out our demo and learn how to integrate this tech into your system. Plus, stay tuned for future updates as we refine and expand this exciting tool!
In this blog post, we dive into Aleo, a blockchain platform that leverages zero-knowledge cryptography for creating private and scalable decentralized applications. You'll discover how Leo, its Rust-like programming language, simplifies app development by allowing developers to focus on robust privacy features without delving deep into cryptographic complexities. We also explore Leo's unique design, offering practical tips on avoiding common pitfalls and potential vulnerabilities like underflows and unauthorized access. Whether you're a developer curious about building privacy-focused solutions or just intrigued by blockchain innovation, you'll find valuable insights here.
In this engaging blog post, we dive into the future of cryptography by exploring how lattice-based proof systems could fend off the quantum threat. We break down Greyhound, a promising lattice-based solution, explaining its transparent nature, efficient construction, and adaptability with today's systems. Along the way, you'll get a glimpse of key concepts like lattices, Ajtai commitments, and how Greyhound cleverly ensures security and efficiency. Whether you’re curious about the cutting-edge of cryptographic research or just want to understand the basics of quantum-resistant solutions, this post offers both depth and clarity.